Lesson 1

1. Topic of laboratory work: Vision

2. The purpose of the work: investigate the features of visual perception

3. Subject, quarter, class:

Biology

8 grade

3 term

4. Description:

The eyes are amazing organs that allow us to perceive and interact with the world around us. They consist of several basic structures, each of which performs its own unique function.

The cornea is the transparent outer shell of the eye, which plays the role of a lens that focuses light on the retina. It also serves as a protection for the internal structures of the eye.

The iris is the colored part of the eye that regulates the amount of incoming light by changing its diametrical width. It can narrow or expand depending on the ambient light.

The retina is a thin layer of nervous tissue located on the back of the eye. It contains millions of light-sensitive cells called photoreceptors that convert light into nerve impulses. These impulses are transmitted along the optic nerve to the brain for processing.

Optical illusions are phenomena when our perception of reality is distorted under the influence of optical deceptions. For example, the Muller-lier illusion creates the impression that one line is longer than the other, although they are actually the same length. The brain interprets and processes visual signals, and sometimes it comes to incorrect conclusions, which leads to illusions.

The brain plays an important role in processing visual information. After the light is converted into nerve impulses on the retina, these signals are transmitted along the optic nerve to the visual cortex of the brain. Here, the brain refines and analyzes visual inputs, combines them with previous knowledge and experience, and creates the final perception of the image.

Proper hygiene is important to maintain eye health. Some recommendations include reg

indoor ventilation, avoiding eye fatigue during prolonged work at the computer or reading, wearing protective sunglasses in bright sunlight, moisturizing the eyes with eye drops for dryness and following a diet rich in antioxidants and vitamins useful for vision.

In general, the eyes and brain work closely together to provide us with a clear and accurate perception of the world around us.

5. List of necessary equipment

scissors

photo

ruler

pencil

6. Practical part

1) Take a photo and draw vertical lines on the reverse side with a distance of 2 cm between them

2) Number each strip starting from one

3) Cut the photo along these lines

4) Group the odd stripes and black stripes as shown in the picture

5) Record observations

6) Now cut each strip into two strips 1 cm thick as shown in the photo

7) Also group the strips as shown in the photo

8) Record observations

7. Teacher’s Guide

• Tasks are performed in groups of 2-3 people

8. Requirements for the design of laboratory work:

• Laboratory work must contain items in the following order:

Laboratory work number

Topic name

The purpose of the work

Hypothesis

Brief description of the theoretical part

Equipment

Steps in the correct sequence

Add a photo from experiment (if you can’t insert a photo, you can add a picture)

Give a brief description

Write a brief discussion and explanation of the topic covered

Write the conclusion of the work

• The workplace must be cleaned and put in order