Week 2

Fast Food: myth or reality. Model of the digestive system Week 2

Now let’s figure out what we eat!

Fast food

The modern rhythm of life is rapidly gaining momentum, forcing people to get used to constant haste. Insane traffic and lack of free time forces residents of megacities to give up full nutrition. Convenience and speed are put in the first place. It was under these two criteria that fast food was created – the ideal food of the 21st century.

Fast food is a concept that includes fast food, simple fast cooking that does not require a lot of time, and the ability to eat such food without using cutlery.

Fast food — food with reduced time of eating and cooking, with simplified or abolished cutlery or off the table.

What applies to Fast Food:

1. hot dog, corn dog, hamburgers, sandwiches, sandwiches, pizza

2. shawarma, pasties, pies, sausages in dough, pancakes with fillings,

3. french fries, chips, popcorn,

4. instant noodles, corn flakes,

5. carbonated water, drinks, energy drinks, all kinds of cocktails,

6. even Kazakh bauyrsaks and everything that is cooked quickly and fried

Burger Ingredients

The chemical composition of carbonated beverages indicated on the labels:

The experimental part.

Before starting the experiment, you should divide into groups (5 students).

Each group performs 1 or 2 experiments.

Experience No. 1. Experiment with cutlets

Required materials:

– Homemade cutlet

– Cutlet from a ready-made Hamburger

– Plastic container with lid

Step 1. Separate the ingredients from the Burger. Visually examine the composition of the cutlet.

Step 2. You have brought a homemade minced meat patty, preferably steamed. (or ask someone from the parent). Write down the composition

Step 3. Place the homemade cutlet and hamburger cutlet in two separate transparent containers (jar, plastic container) with a lid. Mark the samples.

Step 4. Leave two samples until the next lesson. In addition, during the week, write down the received data in Table No. 1 every day.

Organoleptic indicators

Sample No. 1 (homemade cutlet)

Sample No. 2 (Hamburger Patty)

Date and time

Day1

Day2

Day3

Day4

Day5

Day6

Day7

Day1

Day2

Day3

Day4

Day5

Day6

Day7

Aggregate state

Appearance

Smell

—–

Colour

Taste

—–

Consistency uniformity

Others (what metrics would you like to add?)

Step 5. At the end of the experiment, draw conclusions and answer the questions:

1. Which sample first lost its freshness and why?

2. Why did Sample No. 2 survive longer than sample No. 1?

3. Try to form an approximate composition of sample No. 2.

4. Do you want to eat such food in the future?

Experience No. 2. Determination of the acidity (pH) of beverages.

Required materials:

– carbonated Coca-Cola drink

– carbonated drink Fanta

– any energy drink

– carbonated Pepsi drink

– 5 test tubes

– universal indicator paper (or pH meter)

Step 6. Fill in the table:

Samples	pH value	ph environment(acidic, neutral, alkaline)
No. 1 Water/standard
No. 2: carbonated Coca-Cola drink
No. 3: carbonated drink Fanta
No. 4: energy drink
No. 5: carbonated Pepsi drink

Step 7. At the end of the experiment, draw conclusions and answer the questions:

1. Where is what environment?

2. What do you think is a favorable environment for the body?

3. Do you want to use such drinks in the future?

4. Offer a healthier and healthier alternative to these drinks.

Experience No. 3. Experiment with carbonated drinks. The effect of dyes and acids.

Required materials:

– carbonated Coca-Cola drink

– carbonated drink Fanta

– any energy drink

– carbonated Pepsi drink

– a glass of 4 pieces

– egg 4 slices (the shell will be treated as tooth enamel)

Step 7. Write down the data before and after in the table:

Parameters	Egg (before experience)				Egg (after experience)
Parameters	Coca-Cola	Fanta	Pepsi	Energy drink	Coca-Cola	Fanta	Pepsi	Energy drink
Calour
Others (what metrics would you like to add?)

Step 8. At the end of the experiment, draw conclusions and answer the questions:

1. What changes have you observed?

2. Do you want to use such drinks in the future?

3. Offer a healthier and healthier alternative to these drinks.

Experiment No. 4 The presence of carbon dioxide in beverages and its effect. Cola and mentos/food.soda

Required materials:

– carbonated Coca-Cola drink

– carbonated drink Fanta

– any energy drink

– carbonated Pepsi drink

– a glass of 4 pieces

– Mentos

– Baking soda 2-3 tablespoons

Step 1. Prepare all the necessary materials

Step 2. Add mentos pills to the samples.

The reason for foaming is in the roughness of the surface of the pellets, which serve as centers for the release of carbon dioxide. The process is also enhanced by additives in the drink, such as the sweetener aspartame (sugar substitute). The sweetener reduces the surface tension of the liquid, which in turn facilitates the release of gas. The volume of the bottle also plays a role, that is, the rising bubbles are secondary centers of gas release. Other ingredients that play a role in the process of gas release: sodium benzoate (preservative) and caffeine in Coca-Cola; gum arabic and gelatin in chewing pills.

link to a scientific article

Step 3. Repeat this experiment with sodium bicarbonate, that is, baking soda.

Step 4. In conclusion, write down your observations.

______________________________________________________________________

Experiment No. 5 The presence of orthophosphoric acid in beverages. High-quality reaction.

Required materials:

– Coca-Cola, fanta, pepsi

– indicator paper or pH meter

– filter paper

– glass or test tube

– silver nitrate, AgNO3

– milk

– pipette

– funnel

Experience No. 6 A coca-cola and a rusty nail

Required materials:

– Coca-Cola, pepsi, energy drink

– Rusty nail

– or rusty coin

Step 1. Pour Cola, pepsi and energy drink into 3 glasses

Step 2.Then place a rusty nail or coin in the glass. Leave it for a day.

Step 3. After the expiration of the day, take out the nail and draw conclusions, fill in the table:

Interaction with rust:

Fe(OH)₃ + H₃PO₄ = FePO₄ + 3H₂O

2H₃PO₄ + Fe₂O₃ –> 3H₂O + 2FePO₄

Properties of the test object (nail)	Solution No. 1(Coca-Cola)	Solution No. 2(Pepsi)	Solution No. 3(Energy drink)
before reaction
after reaction

Conclusion: _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Substances	Chemical formula	Coca-cola	Pepsi	Fanta	Energy drinks	Water – control sample
Carbonated water	H₂O	+		+
Sugar	C₆H₁₂O₆	+	+	+
Concentrated orange juice				+
Stabilizers:-gum arabic– sucrose acetate isobutyrate– glycerin and resin acids ether	D-galactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose and D-glucuronic acid in a ratio of 3:3:1:1. Free acid is bound Na, К, Mg or Са. C₄₀H₆₂O₁₉С3Н5(ОСО С19Н29)3 + 3Н2О		+	+++
Vitamin C – ascorbic acid	C₆H₈O₆			+
Preservative:-potassium sorbate	C₆H₇KO₂			+
Water	Н₂О		+		+	+
Flavors		+	+	+	+
Sweeteners:– acesulfame potassium(potassium salt of 2,2-dioxide 3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-1,2,3-oxatiazine-4-one)– aspartame**(L-Aspartyl-L-Phenylalanine)	C₄H₄KNO₄SC₁₄H₁₈N₂O₅			++
Dyes: – caramel syrup– sugar COLOR IV E150d– beta-carotene	С₄₀H₅₆	+	+	+	++
Vitamins:– B3 (nicotine k-ta)– B5 (pantothenic acid)– B6 (pyridoxine)– B7 (biotin)– B12 (cyanocobalamin)	C₆H₅NO₂C₉H₁₇NO₅C₈H₁₁NO₃C₁₀H₁₆N₂O₃SС₆₃H₈₈CON₁₄O₁₄P				+++++
Acidity regulators:– orthophosphoric acid– citric acid (3-hydroxy-3 carboxy-pentanedioic acid)– sodium citrate 3-substituted	H₃PO₄C₆H₈O₇Na₃C₆H₅O₇	+	+	++	++
Maltodextrin	C_6nH_(10n+2)O_(5n+1)				+
Taurine	C₂H₇NO₃S				+
Кофеин	C8H10N4O2	+	+		+
L-Carnitine	C₇H₁₅NO₃				+
Antioxidant:– ascorbic acid	C₆H₈O_6Caffeine				+

*Step 1.* Pour drinks into test tubes and number them:No. 1: WaterNo. 2: carbonated drink Coca-Cola – 10mlNo. 3: carbonated drink Fanta – 10mlNo. 4: energy drink – 10mlNo. 5: carbonated Pepsi drink – 10ml
*Step 2.* Immerse the indicator paper in the samples by holding the tweezers for a few seconds.And put it on a clean sheetSample No. 1- water -standard pH =7
*Step 3.* Then do the same on the rest of the samples.
*Step 4.* Compare the received data
*Step 5.* Compare with the reference scale and write down the data, fill in the table.

*Step 1.* Before you start the experience yourself, study:– tooth structure – the effect of food and drinks on enamel
*Step 2.* Prepare 4 glasses
*Step 3.* Pour drinks into glasses and number them: Sample No. 1: carbonated drink Coca-Cola – 75ml Sample No. 2: carbonated drink Fanta – 75ml Sample No. 3: energy drink – 75ml Sample No. 4: carbonated drink Pepsi – 75ml
*Step 4.* After that, put an egg in each bowl.
*Step 5.* Leave this bowl with a drink and an egg for a day.
*Step 6.* Finally, examine the egg.

Step 1. Pour 5 ml of Coca-Cola into a test tube and so that the excess gas does not interfere with the experiment, we release CO2 by stirring the cola.Then add 5 ml of milk
Step 2. Then mix and check the acidity. Milk consists of proteins, fats, trace elements and water. At the same time, the reaction of milk is approximately neutral (pH≈ 7) – almost like water. When we add milk to cola, the structure of milk proteins changes under the action of orthophosphoric acid and collapses.Low pH causes denaturation of milk protein (casein) and its precipitation.
Step 3. Prepare the filter paper, funnel and glass. Then filter this solution.A curd-like mass of dark beige color remained on the filter paper — this is the result of the interaction of milk proteins and orthophosphoric acid protons
Step 4. A clear liquid should come out
Step 5. Pour a few drops of silver nitrate into this liquid until a precipitate forms.
Step 6. Observe the formation of a silver orthophosphate precipitate.
Chemical reaction:	1. Casein (protein in milk) + cola (acid+dye+ etc. components) = protein denaturation2. Bleached cola + silver nitrate = silver orthophosphate + nitric acidH₃PO₄ + 3AgNO₃ = Ag₃PO₄↓ + 3HNO₃

Рictures	Title	Chemical composition